|
|
| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
English equivalent |
Notes |
| b |
ㅂ |
b |
ball |
between voiced sounds |
| ɕ |
ㅅ |
s |
she |
before [i] or [j] |
| d |
ㄷ |
d |
doll |
between voiced sounds |
| dʑ |
ㅈ |
j |
gee |
between voiced sounds |
| ɡ |
ㄱ |
g |
gall |
between voiced sounds |
| h |
ㅎ |
h |
hall |
|
| j |
ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ |
y |
y’all |
Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel. |
| k |
ㄱ, ㅋ |
g, k |
— |
ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable. |
| k͈ |
ㄲ |
kk |
skin |
tense [k] |
| kʰ |
ㅋ, ㅎㄱ |
k |
call |
|
| l |
ㄹ, ㄴ |
l |
call |
ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll]. |
| m |
ㅁ, ㅂ |
m |
mall |
ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m]. |
| n |
ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ |
n |
not |
ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m]. |
| ŋ |
ㅇ, ㄱ |
ng |
king |
ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ] |
| p |
ㅂ, ㅍ |
b, p |
— |
ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable. |
| p͈ |
ㅃ |
pp |
span |
tense [p] |
| pʰ |
ㅍ, ㅎㅂ |
p |
pall |
|
| ɾ |
ㄹ |
r |
— |
A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels |
| s |
ㅅ |
s |
— |
[s] with almost no sibilance |
| s͈ |
ㅆ |
ss |
Saul |
tense [s] |
| t |
ㄷ
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ |
d
t |
— |
All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. |
| t͈ |
ㄸ |
tt |
stall |
tense [t] |
| tʰ |
ㅌ, ㅎㄷ |
t |
tall |
|
| tɕ |
ㅈ |
j |
each |
|
| tɕ͈ |
ㅉ |
jj |
— |
tense [tɕ] |
| tɕʰ |
ㅊ, ㅎㅈ |
ch |
chin |
|
| w |
ㅜ, ㅗ |
w |
wall |
spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a] |
|
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers. |
|
|
|
| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
| a |
ㅏ |
a |
spa |
| aː |
| e |
ㅔ |
e |
Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main |
| eː |
| ɛ |
ㅐ |
ae |
met; similar to e for young speakers. |
| ɛː |
| i |
ㅣ |
i |
mean |
| iː |
| o |
ㅗ |
o |
Spanish o or French eau |
| oː |
| u |
ㅜ |
u |
moon |
| uː |
| ʌ, ɔ |
ㅓ |
eo |
young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in more, in Seoul and North Korea) |
| əː, ɔː |
| ɯ |
ㅡ |
eu |
Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects. |
| ɯː |
|
|
| IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
| ɯi |
ㅢ |
ui |
|
ø,
we |
ㅚ |
oe |
ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers. |
[edit] Sounds not written in hangul
|
| IPA |
Explanation |
| ː |
Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all. |
| ́ |
High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul. |
|
