Outline of Israel
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The Flag of Israel
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The Emblem of Israel
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The State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East and Southwest Asia located on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area.[1] The West Bank and Gaza Strip, which are partially administrated by the Palestinian National Authority, are also adjacent. With a population of about 7.2 million, the majority of whom are Jews, Israel is the world's only Jewish state.[2] It is also home to Arab Muslims, Christians, Druze, and Samaritan, as well as other religious and ethnic minority groups.
The modern state of Israel has its roots in the Land of Israel, a concept central to Judaism for over three thousand years. After World War I, the League of Nations approved the British Mandate of Palestine with the intent of creating a "national home for the Jewish people."[3] In 1947, the United Nations approved the partition of the Mandate of Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab.[4] The Arab League rejected the plan, but on May 14 , 1948, Israel declared its independence. The new country's victory in the subsequent Arab-Israeli War expanded the borders of the Jewish state beyond those in the UN Partition Plan. Since then, Israel has been in conflict with many of the neighboring Arab countries, resulting in several major wars and decades of violence until this day.[5] Since its foundation, Israel's boundaries and even the State's very right to exist have been subject to dispute, although Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, and efforts are being made to reach a permanent accord with the Palestinians.
Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system and universal suffrage.[6][7] The Prime Minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as Israel's legislative body. In terms of nominal gross domestic product, the nation's economy is estimated as being the 44th-largest in the world;[8] Israel ranks the highiest among Middle Eastern countries on the basis of human development,[9] freedom of the press,[10] and economy.[11][12] Jerusalem is the country's capital, seat of government, and largest city, and Israel's main financial center encompasses Tel Aviv.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Israel:
[edit] General reference
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- Pronunciation: /ˈɪzreɪ.əl, ˈɪzriː.əl/
- Common English country name: Israel
- Official English country name: The State of Israel
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Israeli
- Etymology: Name of Israel
- International rankings of Israel
- ISO country codes: IL, ISR, 376
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IL
- Internet country code top-level domain: .il
[edit] Geography of Israel
- Israel is: a country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Middle East
- Extreme points of Israel
- Population of Israel: (May 2008) Total: 7,282,000 people[13] - 96th most populous country
- Area of Israel: 22,072 km2 (8,522 sq mi) (Including the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem) - 151st largest country
- Atlas of Israel
[edit] Environment of Israel
- Climate of Israel
- Ecology of Israel
- Ecoregions in Israel
- Renewable energy in Israel
- Geology of Israel
- National parks of Israel
- Protected areas of Israel
- Wildlife of Israel
[edit] Natural geographic features of Israel
- Islands of Israel
- Lakes of Israel
- Mountains of Israel
- Volcanoes in Israel
- Rivers of Israel
- Waterfalls of Israel
- Valleys of Israel
- World Heritage Sites in Israel
[edit] Regions of Israel
[edit] Ecoregions of Israel
[edit] Administrative divisions of Israel
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Israel
- Districts of Israel (6)
- Subdistricts of Israel (15)
- Natural regions of Israel (50)
- Municipalities of Israel
- Natural regions of Israel (50)
- Subdistricts of Israel (15)
[edit] Districts of Israel
[edit] Subdistricts of Israel
[edit] Natural regions of Israel
[edit] Municipalities of Israel
[edit] Demography of Israel
- Main article: Demographics of Israel
[edit] Government and politics of Israel
- Main article: Politics of Israel
- Elections in Israel
- Political parties in Israel
- Political scandals of Israel
- Taxation in Israel
[edit] Branches of the government of Israel
[edit] Executive branch of the government of Israel
- Head of state: President of Israel, Shimon Peres
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Israel, Ehud Olmert
- Cabinet of Israel
[edit] Legislative branch of the government of Israel
[edit] Judicial branch of the government of Israel
- The Supreme Court of Israel serves as an appellate court, High Court of Justice and constitutional court
- District Courts serve as appellate courts and also serve as courts of first instance for some cases
- Magistrate Courts serve as the court of first instance; some magistrate courts deal with specific affairs
- Separate systems, which include religious courts, military courts, labor courts
[edit] Foreign relations of Israel
[edit] International organization membership
Israel is a member of:
[edit] Law and order in Israel
- Main article: Law of Israel
- Capital punishment in Israel
- Constitution of Israel
- Crime in Israel
- Human rights in Israel
- Law enforcement in Israel
[edit] Military of Israel
- Main article: Israel Defense Forces
- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Israel
- Military ranks of Israel
[edit] Local government in Israel
[edit] History of Israel
- Main article: History of Israel and Current events of Israel
[edit] Culture of Israel
- Main article: Culture of Israel
- Architecture of Israel
- Cuisine of Israel
- Ethnic minorities in Israel
- Festivals in Israel
- Humor in Israel
- Languages of Israel
- Media in Israel
- National symbols of Israel
- People of Israel
- Prostitution in Israel
- Public holidays in Israel
- Records of Israel
- Religion in Israel
- World Heritage Sites in Israel
[edit] The Arts in Israel
- Art in Israel
- Cinema of Israel
- Literature of Israel
- Music of Israel
- Television in Israel
- Theatre in Israel
[edit] Sports in Israel
- Main article: Sports in Israel
[edit] Economy of Israel
- Main article: Economy of Israel
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 44th (forty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Israel
- Banking in Israel
- National Bank of Israel
- Communications in Israel
- Companies of Israel
- Economic history of Israel
- Energy policy of Israel
- Mining in Israel
- Oil industry in Israel
- Tourism in Israel
- Transport in Israel
[edit] Education in Israel
- Main article: Education in Israel
[edit] Infrastructure of Israel
- Communications in Israel
- Energy in Israel
- Health care in Israel
- Transportation in Israel
- Water supply and sanitation in Israel
[edit] See also
- Index of Israel-related articles
- List of international rankings
- List of Israel-related topics
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Asia
- Outline of geography
[edit] References
- ^ Skolnik 2007, pp. 132–232
- ^ "Israel". Country Report. Freedom House. 2007. http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2007&country=7199. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
- ^ "The Palestine Mandate". The Avalon Project. Yale University. 1922-07-24. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/palmanda.htm. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.
- ^ "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181". The Avalon Project. Yale University. 1947-11-29. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
- ^ "Global Peace Index Rankings". http://www.visionofhumanity.com, In cooperation with the Economist Intelligence Unit. 2007. http://www.visionofhumanity.com/rankings. Retrieved on 2008-02-08.
- ^ Rummel 1997, p. 257. "A current list of liberal democracies includes: Andorra, Argentina, ... , Cyprus, ... , Israel, ..."
- ^ "Global Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in Freedom". Freedom House. 2005-12-19. http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=317. Retrieved on 2007-07-01.
- ^ "Total GDP 2006" (pdf). The World Bank. 2007-07-01. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2006". United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
- ^ "Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2007". Reporters Without Borders. http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
- ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007". World Economic Forum. 2007-02-14. http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Competitiveness%20Report/index.htm. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
- ^ See Economic Freedom of the World article
- ^ Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics [1]. Note: Includes over 200,000 people in East Jerusalem, about 270,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, and about 20,000 in the Golan Heights (July 2007 estimate)
[edit] External links
Definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity- Government
- (Hebrew) Israel Government Portal (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- (Hebrew) Prime Minister's Office, official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- (Hebrew) President of the State of Israel, official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- The Knesset, official site of Israel's parliament
- (Hebrew) The Supreme Court, official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs, official site
- (Hebrew) Central Bureau of Statistics, official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- Ministry of Tourism, official site
- Ministry of Industry Trade & Labor Official Site
- Ministry of Religion
- Ministry of construction and Housing
- General reference
- Israel entry at The World Factbook
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on Israel
- BBC country profile of Israel
- Library of Congress Country Studies entry on Israel
- Columbia University library related to Israel
- hWeb - Israel-Palestine in Maps
- Media
- The Jerusalem Post
- Ynet News, based on Tel Aviv
- Israel Broadcasting Authority, state broadcasting network (Hebrew) (with link to English version)
- Israel National News
- Kol Israel Voice of Israel
- HaAretz
- Other
- Israel travel guide from Wikitravel
- 31°37′31″N 35°08′43″E / 31.625321°N 35.145264°ECoordinates: 31°37′31″N 35°08′43″E / 31.625321°N 35.145264°E Israel at WikiMapia, Geo Links for Topical outline of Israel
- Israel at the Open Directory Project
- Wikimedia Atlas of Israel
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