Tai languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tai | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Southern China (esp. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), Southeast Asia |
| Genetic classification: |
Kradai Tai |
| Subdivisions: |
Northern
Central
Southwestern
|
| ISO 639-2 and 639-5: | tai |
The Tai languages (Thai: ภาษาไต transliteration: p̣hās̛̄ātay) are a subgroup of the Kradai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai-Kadai languages, including standard Thai, the national language of Thailand, Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos, Myanmar's Shan language, and Zhuang, a major language in southern Chinese province of Guangxi.
- Northern Tai languages
- Central Tai languages
- Southern Zhuang (China)
- E (China)
- Man Cao Lan (Vietnam)
- Nung (Vietnam)
- Tày (Tho) (Vietnam)
- Ts'ün-Lao (Vietnam)
- Turung (India)
- Northern Zhuang (China)
- Nhang (Vietnam)
- Bouyei (Buyi) (China)
- Tai Mène (Laos)
- Southwestern Tai languages (32)
- Tai Ya (China)
- Pu Ko (Laos)
- Pa Di (China)
- Tai Thanh (Vietnam)
- Tày Sa Pa (Vietnam)
- Tai Long (Laos)
- Tai Hongjin (China)
- Yong (Thailand)
- Southern Thai (Pak Thai) (Thailand)
- East Central Tai languages (10)
- Chiang Saen languages (10)
- Tai Dam (Vietnam)
- Northern Thai (Lanna, Thai Yuan) (Thailand, Laos)
- Phuan (Thailand)
- Thai Song (Thailand)
- Thai (Thailand)
- Tai Hang Tong (Vietnam)
- Tai Dón (Vietnam)
- Tai Daeng (Vietnam)
- Tay Tac (Vietnam)
- Thu Lao (Vietnam)
- Lao-Phutai languages (4)
- Northwestern Tai languages (9)
- Chiang Saen languages (10)
[edit] Comparison table
| English | Proto-Southwestern Tai[1] | Thai | Lao | Lanna | Isan | Shan | Tai Lü |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| air | *lom | /lom/ | /lóm/ | /lom/ | /lom/ | /lom4/ | /lom/ |
| city | *mɯaŋ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɤŋ4/ | /mœŋ/ |
| earth | *?din | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /lǐn1/ | /din/ |
| fire | *vai/aɯ | /fai/ | /fái/ | /fai/ | /fai/ | /pʰaj4/ or /fai4/ | /fai/ |
| heart | *čai/aɯ | /hŭa tɕai/ | /hǔa cài/ | /hua tɕai/ | /hua tɕai/ | /ho1 tsaɯ1/ | /hua tɕai/ |
| love | *rak | /rág/ | /hāk/ | /hag/ | /hag/ | /hak5/ | /hag/ |
| water | *naam | /náːm/ | /nȃm/ | /nam/ | /nam/ | /nam5/ | /nam/ |
| English | Proto-Southwestern Tai | Thai | Lao | Lanna | Isan | Shan | Tai Lü |
[edit] Further reading
- Brown, J. Marvin. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects. Bangkok: Social Science Association Press of Thailand, 1965.
- Chamberlain, James R. A New Look at the Classification of the Tai Languages. [s.l: s.n, 1972.
- Conference on Tai Phonetics and Phonology, Jimmy G. Harris, and Richard B. Noss. Tai Phonetics and Phonology. [Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 1972.
- Diffloth, Gérard. An Appraisal of Benedict's Views on Austroasiatic and Austro-Thai Relations. Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1976.
- Đoàn, Thiện Thuật. Tay-Nung Language in the North Vietnam. [Tokyo?]: Instttute [sic] for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1996.
- Gedney, William J. On the Thai Evidence for Austro-Thai. [S.l: s.n, 1976.
- Gedney, William J., and Robert J. Bickner. Selected Papers on Comparative Tai Studies. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 29. Ann Arbor, Mich., USA: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. ISBN 0891480374
- Gedney, William J., Carol J. Compton, and John F. Hartmann. Papers on Tai Languages, Linguistics, and Literatures: In Honor of William J. Gedney on His 77th Birthday. Monograph series on Southeast Asia. [De Kalb]: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ISBN 1877979163
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. (1995). William J. Gedney's central Tai dialects: glossaries, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 43. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan ISBN 0891480757
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's the Yay Language: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0891480668
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's Southwestern Tai Dialects: Glossaries, Texts and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 42. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1994. ISBN 0891480749
- Hudak, Thomas John. William J. Gedney's The Tai Dialect of Lungming: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 39. [Ann Arbor]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0891480676
- Li, Fang-kuei. The Tai Dialect of Lungchow; Texts, Translations, and Glossary. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940.
- Østmoe, Arne. A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle. Sino-Platonic papers, no. 64. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
- Sathāban Sūn Phāsā Qangkrit. Bibliography of Tai Language Studies. [Bangkok]: Indigenous Languages of Thailand Research Project, Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, 1977.
- Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon-Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
- Tingsabadh, Kalaya and Arthur S. Abramson. Essays in Tai Linguistics. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2001. ISBN 9743472223
[edit] References
- Ostapirat W (2000). "Proto-Kra." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1).
- Ethnologue report Retrieved 3 August 2005.
- http://sealang.net/library/
