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Qwest Field

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Qwest Field

Former names Seahawks Stadium (2002–2004)
Location 800 Occidental Avenue S.
Seattle, Washington 98134
USA
Coordinates 47°35′43″N 122°19′54″W / 47.59528°N 122.33167°W / 47.59528; -122.33167Coordinates: 47°35′43″N 122°19′54″W / 47.59528°N 122.33167°W / 47.59528; -122.33167
Broke ground April 2000
Opened July 28, 2002
Owner Washington State Public Stadium Authority
Operator First & Goal Inc.
Surface FieldTurf
Construction cost $430 million (entire complex)
Architect Ellerbe Becket
Structural engineer Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire Inc
General Contractor Turner Construction Company
Capacity 67,000 (NFL) (expandable to 72,000 for special events)
32,000 (MLS) (expandable to 67,000 for special events)
Field dimensions Football: 120 x 55.3 yd
(109.7 x 50.6 m)
Soccer: 110 x 70 yd
(100.5 x 64 m)
Tenants
Seattle Seahawks (NFL) (2002–present)
Seattle Sounders (USL 1) (2002–2008)
Seattle Sounders FC (MLS) (2009–present)

Qwest Field is a multipurpose stadium located in Seattle, Washington, USA. It serves as the home field for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League and Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer. The venue is situated at the corner of South King Street and Occidental Avenue bordering the Pioneer Square and the International District neighborhoods.

Washington State voters approved funding for a new stadium and events center on June 17, 1997. Paul Allen was heavily involved in the design process which emphasized the importance of an open air venue with an intimate atmosphere. Qwest Field seats 67,000. 5,000 more can be added for special events. The stadium has a total of 7,000 club seats and 111 suites. There is also 1,400 seats for fans with disabilities and their companions.

The stadium is notoriously loud during Seahawks games.[1] The noise has contributed to the team's home field advantage and an increase in false start penalties against visiting teams. Qwest Field has also been used for college and high school football. It has hosted the largest charity football game in the country, the Bacon Bowl, between the police departments of Seattle and Tacoma.

It was designed with soccer in mind and the first sporting event at the stadium was a USL Seattle Sounders game. The MLS expansion team, Seattle Sounders FC, began its inaugural season with a home game in 2009.[2]

Contents

[edit] Funding

After spending more than two decades in the Kingdome, the Seattle Seahawks and Seattle Mariners wanted new stadiums. Following the failure of a 1995 county bond issue to both build a new stadium for the Mariners and to rehabilitate the Kingdome for football, Seahawks' owner Ken Behring threatened to sell or move the franchise. Paul Allen pledged to acquire the team if a new stadium could be built and paid for a state-wide special election to authorize construction. The vote passed by 50.8% and was later unsuccessfully challenged in court.[3] Paul Allen purchased the Seahawks and formed First & Goal Inc. to build and operate the stadium, exhibition center, and parking garage complex. The company paid for $130M of the project while the remainder was paid through a public funding package which included new sports related state lottery games, taxes on stadium admissions and parking, various sales tax credits and deferrals, and an eight-year extension of the two percent tax on hotel rooms in King County.[4] The vote created the Washington State Public Stadium Authority to oversee public ownership of the stadium and exhibition center. First & Goal Inc. managed construction and now operates the facilities.[5] The company is also responsible for maintenance and repair costs. When the bonds used to build the stadium are paid off in 2021, the tax on admission will increase to 10% for maintenance purposes.[6]

[edit] Construction

Ellerbe Becket, in association with Loschky Marquardt & Nesholm Architects of Seattle, designed the 1,500,000 sq ft project. Allen was heavily involved during the process and focused on the new stadium providing an intimate atmosphere.[7]

In September 1998, construction began on the new exhibition center and parking garage. By October 1999, the exhibition center was open and hosting public events. On March 26, 2000, to make way for what was then being called Seahawks Stadium, the Kingdome fell in the world's largest implosion of a single concrete structure.[8] 97% percent of the Kingdome rubble was recycled with 35% used as fill for the new stadium. The soft soil of the site was a challenge since it was once mudflats until public works projects in the early 20th century adjusted the waterline of nearby Elliot Bay. The stadium complex sits on over 1,700 pilings driven 50 to 70 ft below the ground to essentially form a “pier” for the foundation. The soil concerns, temperature effects, and the potential for earthquakes required the 210,000 sq ft stadium to be built in 8 jointed together sections with separate structures being completed for the adjoining exhibition center and parking garage.[9] Another obstacle during design was the relativity small site for an NFL stadium which forced a minimized footprint.[10] Upper-level seats were cantilevered over the lower sections to fit within the limited space. This, along with angling the seats and bringing the lower sections closer to the field, provided a better view of the field than typically seen throughout the country.[11] The project was completed within the $430 million budget and a month ahead of schedule.[12]

The stadium under construction

Qwest Field is configured in a U-shape. The north end being left open offers views of downtown Seattle and the complex's large north plaza. A 13-story tower with a vertically orientated scoreboard at the top and bleacher seats for up to 3,000 fans, known as the "Hawk Nest", at its base is located at the end. The designers wanted to create an icon that visually complimented the Seattle skyline with the tower.[13] The vertical display is the first of its kind in the NFL.[10] Qwest Field is also the first to have luxury suites on the field directly behind the north end zone to provide an "in-your-face experience".[14] The south end was also left partially open to allow views of Mount Rainier.

Paul Allen rejected plans for a retractable roof to make the stadium open to the elements, provide views of the surrounding Seattle area, and reduce costs. At 210,000 sq ft, it covers 70 percent of the seats. The design comprises of two distinctive arched roofs which span the length of the stadium. The overhanging design has trusses that rise 260 ft above the field. The 5,200 ton roof spans 720 ft between concrete pylon supports at the north and south ends of the stadium.[15] The roof has a damper system which disconnects it from the support pylons so it is able to slide independently of the structure in the event of an earthquake. This system has been used at the base of small buildings and in some bridges, but this is the world’s first use in a large-scale roof.[9]

The exterior of the stadium consists of salmon colored concrete and is partially clad with red brick on the west side of the structure. The east side of the building prominently features large glass curtain wall. The exterior was intended to blend with the older buildings in neighboring Pioneer Square but the exterior was not completed with brick to reduce costs. The roof was painted white to aesthetically distinguish it from Safeco Field's and the nearby industrial area.[13]

[edit] Surface

The field surface at Qwest Field was originally planned to be natural grass.[16] After playing on FieldTurf at Husky Stadium during the 2000 and 2001 seasons, the Seahawks management reconsidered and installed the artificial turf at the new stadium. Seahawks management said it had advantages over natural grass including easier maintenance. This caused concern with both the Washington State Public Stadium Authority and soccer fans since the artificial surface is not preferred internationally and is not approved by FIFA for the World Cup finals tournament. In a compromise, First & Goal Inc. agreed to pay for grass to be installed when needed.[17] The stadium was the first in the NFL to install the surface.[7]

The turf was replaced in the spring of 2008 due to safety concerns caused by the infill becoming compressed and the color of the field fading. A one inch poured rubber foundation was added to prevent the infill from compressing again. FieldTurf won the bid for the six week project over Polytan. $500,000 was used from the Qwest naming rights agreement while First & Goal Inc. paid for the remaining undisclosed amount.[17]

[edit] Football

[edit] Seahawks

An interior view of Qwest Field during a Seattle Seahawks game.

While the new stadium was being constructed, the Seahawks moved to the University of Washington's Husky Stadium. The Seahawks christened their new state of the art facility on August 11, 2002 in a 28-10 preseason loss to the Indianapolis Colts.[18]

Prior to its opening in 2002, Paul Allen and the then team president Bob Whitsitt said that they hoped the new stadium would help turn the Seahawks into a Super Bowl contender and that Seattle would be considered to host a Super Bowl.[7] The first playoff game at Qwest Field was on January 8, 2005, when the St. Louis Rams beat the Seahawks for the third time in the 2004–05 season. In the following 2005 season, the Seahawks went undefeated at Qwest Field while winning their first-ever NFC Championship. They lost in Super Bowl XL to the Pittsburgh Steelers that season.

Qwest Field continuously sells out for Seahawks games.[19] In 2008, the team sold 61,000 season tickets. the 14,000 single game tickets not already allotted sold out within 15 minutes of becoming available.[20] The biggest crowd ever to attend a Seattle Seahawks football game was 68,331 on Monday, November 12, 2007 against the San Francisco 49ers.

[edit] Home field advantage

Qwest Field has earned a reputation for being one of the loudest stadiums in the NFL.[1] Paul Allen had the architects design the structure of the stadium, especially the seating decks and partial roof, to direct as much crowd noise as possible onto the field. In addition, the north end zone seating, called the "Hawks Nest", was specifically designed for rowdy fans. The seating consists of metal bleachers which reflect sound and fans often stomp to create more. Seahawks fans already had a reputation for being among the most vociferous in the NFL while they played in the Kingdome. Opposing teams often practiced with rock music blaring at full blast to prepare for the often painfully high decibel levels typical of Seahawk games. During the 2005 NFC Championship Game against the Carolina Panthers, the decibel level recorded by Fox Sports telecast producers reached 137 dB. The University of Washington Seismology lab stated that on January 6, 2007 during the 2006 NFL Playoffs, the screaming and jumping around during the game at Qwest Field was the equivalent of an earthquake measuring 3.0 on the Richter Scale.[21] The Seahawks won the Wild Card game over the Dallas Cowboys, 21-20, after Tony Romo botched and fumbled the snap of a potential game-winning field goal, which was to be attempted by Martin Gramatica with a shade over a minute remaining in the 4th quarter. Upon fumbling the snap, Romo attempted to run the ball in himself, by going outside to the left side (the near sideline), which to his delight, was wide open, until he was brought down short of the first down marker, and to further extent, the goal line by Seattle's Jordan Babineaux.

The 12th Man Flag with the arches of Qwest Field

Qwest Field gained national attention during a game against the New York Giants on November 27, 2005. Largely because of the crowd noise, the Giants committed 11 false start penalties.[22] Before the Giants came back to Seattle for another regular season game the following season, they filed a complaint with the NFL accusing the Seahawks of pumping in artificial noise through the PA system in order to distract visiting offenses. League officials did not find evidence to support the allegation.[23]

Since 2005 the Seahawks have tracked the number of false start penalties and displays the total on the scoreboard to motivate the fans to make noise when the opposing offense is attempting to run a play. Crowd noise contributed to a league-high 24 false-start penalties in 2005 alone.[24] On January 5, 2008, during the NFC Wild Card Playoff game, the Washington Redskins committed 1 false start penalty to raise the total since 2005 to an NFL high of 69.[25] Currently, it is at 78 false starts.

Tod Leiweke was hired as the Seahawks' new CEO in 2003 and had a large flagpole installed in the south end. It flies a flag showing a number 12 on a blue background to salute the fans as the "12th man".[26] A pregame tradition in which a local celebrity, often a former Seahawk, raises the flag is a regular feature of network television coverage of Seahawks games. The team had retired #12 in honor of their fans in the 1980s.

[edit] NCAA

The hometown Washington Huskies played an "away" opening game of the season in the stadium in 2005 which was lost to the Air Force Falcons in Tyrone Willingham's first game as head coach.[27] The Washington Huskies will likely play at Qwest Field if Husky Stadium is upgraded. The Seahawks have told the Huskies they can play their football games at the stadium in 2010.[28]

The stadium has hosted a Washington State Cougars non-conference "home game" each year since its opening in 2002, including the 2003 "Battle of the Palouse" against the Idaho Vandals. The Cougars have won all but two of these games, losing to Colorado in 2004 and Oklahoma State in 2008.[29] Six of the seven games drew at least 45,000 fans each. The deal with First & Goal in will expire after the September 2009 game with Hawaii.[30]

The 2002 Seattle Bowl between Wake Forest and Oregon was played at the stadium with Wake Forest winning 38-17. The bowl game was played at Safeco Field the previous year and was discontinued when financing could not be secured before 2003. A promoter and First & Goal Inc considered reviving the game in 2004 which did not come to fruition.[31] In April 2009, the idea of hosting the annual Apple Cup between the Seattle based Huskies and the Pullman based Cougars at Qwest Field for six years beginning in 2010 was taken into consideration. The two programs could not reach an agreement on how to divide tickets. There was also concern from both fans and Pullman's business community about having the game in Seattle.[30]

From 2003 to 2008, the NCAA Division II football teams of Western Washington Vikings and Central Washington Wildcats met each year at Qwest Field in an intense rivalry game called "The Battle in Seattle". Central won all but the 2004 game. The games attracted more than 11,000 fans every year.[32] The games did not continue after Western Washington canceled its football program in 2009. The Division I Eastern Washington University Eagles announced that they will play a "home game" at Qwest Field in 2009 in the hope of drawing alumni from the Seattle area.[33] The "Showdown on the Sound" versus the Portland State Vikings will take place on October 31, 2009.

[edit] High school

The State of Football artwork

Qwest Field has become known as one of the premier venues for the top prep teams in the nation to display their talents.[34] The Washington Interscholastic Activities Association puts on the annual Emerald City Kickoff Classic at the stadium. The event is a season opening series of games between some of the best teams in the state. It also features a meeting between one of the best teams in Washington and one of the best from another state.

On September 4, 2004, a state high school event record crowd of over 25,000 attended the "Best of the West" game of the series between Bellevue of Washington and De La Salle of Concord, California. Bellevue broke De La Salle's national-record 151-game winning streak in a 39-20 win.[35]

Within Qwest Field, there is a Seahawks tribute to high school football of the State of Washington. A section of the Stadium entitled "The State of Football", features a large depiction of the State of Washington and holds replica football helmets from every high school football team in the State. The art is part of the nearly $2M commissioned for the Stadium Art Program.

[edit] Soccer

A match between USA and Cuba.

Qwest Field was also designed for soccer.[7] The stadium meets FIFA sight line requirements and provides separate locker rooms for soccer teams. Camera locations were designed for optimal television coverage of the sport.[36] The lower bowl was designed to accommodate a pitch that meets FIFA size requirements by squaring off the ends.[37] On July 28, 2002, the Seattle Sounders of the USL played the first sporting-event at the stadium in front of 25,515 fans. The USL team used the facility between 2003 and the season opener of 2008. They won the 2005 championship at Qwest Field.

Numerous exhibition games have taken place at the Qwest Field with high-profile clubs such as Manchester United, Celtic, Real Madrid, and Chelsea coming to Seattle. National teams such as Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, and China have also played exhibition games at the stadium. The artificial turf has been replaced with grass before international soccer matches since it is preferred over artificial surfaces for the sport.[38] Brazilian coach Dunga commented that one of the reasons for the team's poor performance during a two city U.S. tour was the temporary field.[39]

Qwest Field was the site of Group B's opening round of the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup between the men's national teams of the United States, Costa Rica, Canada, and Cuba. Two matches of the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup opening round will be played at the stadium.[40] Qwest Field is among the 58 facilities in the United States being considered for FIFA World Cup matches if the country hosts the tournament in either 2018 or 2022.[41] Sunil Gulati, president of the U.S. Soccer Federation, said Seattle's history of support for the sport, Qwest Field as a world-class facility, strong support for soccer from civic leaders and the Sounders FC ownership group make Seattle a good candidate.[42]

The stadium will host the 14th MLS Cup final on November 14, 2009. Qwest Field will be the eighth stadium to host the game.[43]

[edit] Sounders FC

Before a Sounders FC game at the stadium.

The potential of drawing an MLS expansion team helped drive public support for building the stadium.[44] Seattle was considered for one of the 10 original MLS teams but the region lacked an adequate outdoor stadium at the time.[45] The first Seattle Sounders FC Game was played at Qwest Field on March 19, 2009 with the first goal being scored by Fredy Montero a 3-0 Sounders victory.

All 22,000 season ticket packages offered by the team were sold before the opening of the season which gave the team the most season ticket holders in MLS.[46] Seattle Sounders FC created a web site that was used to identify seating arrangements for season ticket holders based on personal interests including preferred method for watching a game and foreign team preference.[47] For the first half of the Sounders FC inaugural season, the upper bowl of the stadium and some of the lower bowl was tarped off leaving a seating capacity of 27,700 to provide a more intimate feel.[48] The stadium was designed to easily expand in stages. After repeated sold out crowds, it was announced that additional seating would be made available which increased the capacity to 32,000.[49] A capacity of 67,000 is available for events such as the 2009 international friendlies with Chelsea and Barcelona.[49]

Like the Seahawks, the Sounders are beginning to receive attention for sell out crowds and boisterous fans.[50] The Seattle Times reported a "new standard for attendance and game-day atmosphere has been set" after the first several games sold out with passionate fans.[51] The Emerald City Supporters have dubbed the general admission sections at the south end "The Brougham End" during games.

The field is entitled "The Xbox Pitch at Qwest Field" as part of a sponsorship deal with Microsoft. Qwest Field is the first in the MLS to use low-height LED signage around the field. These are typically seen in stadiums in other countries for advertisements.[37]

[edit] Other events

The Rolling Stones, Metallica, and other large acts have performed at Qwest Field. The stadium is also used for trade and consumer shows. The entire complex has 404,000 sq ft of exhibit space.

The 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Tenzin Gyatso, delivered a 28-minute speech at the stadium on April 12, 2008. 50,817 attended the event which was part of the five-day Seeds of Compassion conference held in Seattle.[52]

The 201,800 sq ft Qwest Field Events Center was built adjacent to the stadium for $70M. The 255,000 sq ft complex consists of two exhibition halls, a conference room, and a concourse level. The events center hosts pre-game events for the Seahawks and Mariners. The event center contributes more than half a billion dollars to the region's economy. Twenty percent of the exhibition center's net profits go to the state's Permanent Common School Fund for public school improvements.

The events center had previously been called "the worst venue in town" for concerts but in 2006, AEG Live and First & Goal Inc. formed a partnership to create the newly branded "WaMu Theater".[53] The fate of the name is currently unknown since Washington Mutual has been obtained by JP Morgan Chase.[54] The new theater space is assembled on an as needed basis within the building. The 104 ft wide stage and other equipment can be dismantled and stored in the stadium. Panels on the ceiling and a large curtain were installed to improve acoustics. Depending on the seating configuration, the capacity can be 3,300, 4,000, or 7,000. Seal performed at the inaugural concert on November 6, 2006.[55] It has since hosted other high profile shows such as Dolly Parton, Daft Punk, and Cyndi Lauper.[56]

[edit] Stadium contracts

The stadium was originally named Seahawks Stadium. The name was changed to Qwest Field in June 2004 after Qwest bought the naming rights for $75M for a period of fifteen years.[57] These proceeds must be used for maintenance and upgrades according to the agreement. A portion from any profit after those costs then go into a $10M fund Allen guaranteed for youth playfields.[58]

Qwest Field is one of the few professional sports stadiums in the United States that does not have a beverage contract with Coca-Cola or Pepsi. Seattle-based Jones Soda is currently the official drink of Qwest Field and is served at the concession stands.[59] The stadium has 48 concession stands and restaurant seating for 500. Along with typical fare, local Pacific salmon sandwiches, Dungeness crab cakes, and microbrews are served.[60] Levy Restaurants provides food and beverage service for the stadium and exhibition center.

[edit] Transportation

Qwest Field and I-90

A Transportation Management Program for coordinating transportation options was a condition of the stadium's approval. A “Dual Event Agreement” with Safeco Field was established in an attempt to prevent two events with a combined attendance of over 58,000 occurring within 4 hours of each other.[61] The plan was also implemented to coordinate mass transit to the stadiums on game days.

Local and regional buses service the area with stops within 3 blocks of the stadium. Metro offers express bus service from several area park and ride lots for Seahawks games. Commuter rail running between Tacoma and Everett also operates every Sunday Seahawks game with service to nearby King Street Station. In 2008, the commuter trains carried 64,000 event goers to the two nearby stadiums. Amtrak, primarily the Pacific Northwest corridor's Cascades route, also serves the station. On July 18, 2009, light rail service between SeaTac and downtown will begin in time for an exhibition match between the Sounders and Chelsea. The new $4M station was designed to accommodate extra passengers during events with overflow tracks.[62]

Qwest Field is situated near the junction of I-5 and I-90. The parking garage has a 2,000 car capacity. 8,400 spaces are available in surrounding lots. The north lot is to be developed with condos and apartments. The developer must replace the 500 parking spots it will displace and turn over parking revenue to the Public Stadium Authority per the deal with King County.[63]

The SR 519 corridor connects I-90 to the neighborhood. Local governments compromised with both the Seahawks and the Mariners on where to locate new ramps which are currently being constructed over the train tracks that run along the east sides of Qwest and Safeco Fields. An overpass will be built for the road bordering the south edge of the Qwest Field complex, S Royal Brougham Way, to improve access and safety. The project is scheduled for completion in June 2010.[64]

[edit] References

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Preceded by
Husky Stadium		 Home of the
Seattle Seahawks
2002 – present		 Succeeded by
current
Preceded by
first stadium		 Home of
Seattle Sounders FC
2009 – present		 Succeeded by
current
Preceded by
The Home Depot Center		 Host of the
MLS Cup
2009		 Succeeded by
current
v • d • e
Seattle Seahawks
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Seattle Sounders FC
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