Pseudobulbar palsy

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Pseudobulbar palsy
Classification and external resources
ICD-9	335.23
DiseasesDB	10826
MeSH	D020828

Pseudobulbar palsy is bilateral impairment of the function of the lower cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12 which control the muscles of eating, swallowing and talking. It is the result of an upper motor neuron lesion to the corticobulbar pathways in the pyramidal tract.

Contents 1 Causes 2 Symptoms 3 Signs 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Causes

• Vascular causes: Bilateral hemisphere infarction
• Degenerative disorders: motor neuron disease
• Inflammatory disorders: Multiple sclerosis
• Malignancy: High brain stem tumors
• Brain trauma

[edit] Symptoms

These include:

• Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
• Labile affect^[1]
• Dysarthria

[edit] Signs

These include:

• Speech is slow, thick and indistinct
• Gag reflex is normal, exaggerated or absent
• Tongue is small, stiff and spastic
• Jaw jerk is brisk
• There may be upper motor neuron lesion of the limbs.

Bulbar palsy is a similar disorder but is caused by lower motor neuron lesions

[edit] See also

• Corticobulbar tract
• Bulbar palsy

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• 248512525 at GPnotebook - "pseudobulbar palsy"
• 456458269 at GPnotebook - "comparison of bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy"
• eNotes

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G00–G47, 320–349) Brain/ encephalopathy Inflammatory Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic) Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease: Parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease, Postencephalitic parkinsonism)  · Neuroleptic malignant syndrome  · Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration · Progressive supranuclear palsy · Striatonigral degeneration · Hemiballismus · Huntington's disease · Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Dyskinesia: Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) · Chorea (Choreoathetosis)  · Myoclonus (Myoclonic epilepsy) Essential tremor  · Restless legs  · Stiff person Dementia Alzheimer's (Early-onset)  · Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Pick's, Dementia with Lewy bodies) · Multi-infarct dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh's Demyelinating autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary (Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease  · Alpers' Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizure/epilepsy Focal  · Generalised  · Status epilepticus  · Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic)  · Cluster  · Vascular  · Tension Vascular Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Cerebrovascular disease  · Stroke (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke) Sleep disorders Insomnia  · Hypersomnia  · Sleep apnea (Obstructive, Ondine's curse)  · Narcolepsy  · Cataplexy  · Kleine-Levin  · Circadian rhythm sleep  · Delayed sleep phase  · Advanced sleep phase CSF Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/Normal pressure, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation · Reye's  · Hepatic encephalopathy  · Toxic encephalopathy Spinal cord/ myelopathy Inflammatory Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis Other Syringomyelia · Syringobulbia · Morvan's syndrome · Vascular myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome) · Spinal cord compression Both/either Inflammatory Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) Meningitis/Arachnoiditis: Bacterial (Tuberculous, Haemophilus, Pneumococcal) · Viral (Herpesviral) · Fungal (Cryptococcal) · Aseptic (Drug-induced) Meningoencephalitis Systemic atrophies SA Friedreich's ataxia · Ataxia telangiectasia MND UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP LMN only: PMA · PBP (Fazio-Londe, Infantile progressive bulbar palsy) · SMA (SMN-linked, Kennedy disease, SMAX2, DSMA1) both: ALS see also congenital, tumors