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Princess Maria Luisa of Parma

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Maria Luisa of Parma
Queen consort of Spain
Maria Luisa of Parma in the gardens of Aranjuez (1766), by Anton Raphael Mengs
Maria Luisa of Parma in the gardens of Aranjuez (1766), by Anton Raphael Mengs
Tenure 1788 - 1808
Spouse Charles IV
Issue
Charlotte, Queen of Portugal
Maria Louisa, Queen of Etruria
Ferdinand VII
Infante Charles, Count of Molina
Maria Isabella, Queen of the Two Sicilies
Infante Francisco de Paula
Father Philip, Duke of Parma
Mother Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France
Born December 9, 1751(1751-12-09)
Parma, Italy
Died January 2, 1819 (aged 67)
Barberini Palace, Rome, Italy

Maria Luisa of Parma (December 9, 1751, Parma, Italy - January 2, 1819, Barberini Palace, Rome, Italy) was Queen Consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 as the wife of King Charles IV of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip I of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV. She was christened Luisa Maria Teresa Ana, but was known as María Luisa.[1]

Contents

[edit] Biography

Maria Luisa was the favourite child of her mother, who tried to engage her to the Duke of Bourgogne, heir to the French throne. However, the young Duke died in 1761, so in 1762 Maria Luisa became engaged to the Crown Prince of Spain, whom she married on 4 September 1765 in La Granja Palace. As there was no Queen in Spain at that time, Maria Luisa became the first lady of the court from the beginning.

The famous Spanish artist Goya painted several of her portraits. She was often described by contemporaries as an ugly (however, pretty in her youth), vicious, and coarse woman who thoroughly dominated the king. She had well-known rivalries with the Duchess of Alba, the Duchess of Osuna and her sister-in-law, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples. Her beauty was damaged by her many childbirths - among other things, she lost her teeth - but she made many efforts to look pretty and dress elegant; she had beautiful arms and often worn short-sleeved dresses to expose them.

She was believed to have had many love affairs, and several men are supposed to have been her lovers. Reportedly Manuel de Godoy, her husband's Prime Minister, was her long-time lover. She was unpopular during her reign and has also, for a long time, been given a bad name in history, but this was mainly because of her many reputed love affairs. Maria Luisa dominated her husband and was, in turn, dominated by Godoy. In 1792, the Orden de María Luisa was founded on her suggestion, an orden which was given only to women.

Maria Luisa never got along her daughter-in-law Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily. One reason was that she was daughter of Maria Luisa's main rival Maria Carolina. Once, it is believed that Maria Luisa took Maria Antonia down to the place were she would once rest after she had died.

After a couple of miscarriages, Maria Antonia died. She was in delicate health but people believed she was poisoned by Maria Luisa.

Due to pressure from Napoleon, her husband abdicated the throne of Spain in 1808, and together with Maria Luisa and Godoy spent the rest of his life outside Spain. Maria Luisa spent some years in France and then in Rome in Italy. Both Maria Luisa and her husband died in Italy in early 1819.

[edit] Children

Reportedly, her two youngest children were not sired by her husband, who was her paternal first cousin. According to Lady Holland, a British lady who visited the Spanish court, the features of Maria Luisa's youngest child, Infante Francisco, resembled very closely those of Godoy. However, Lady Holland was the only one who mentioned this, so perhaps there's some exaggeration in her account. Maria Luisa's 14 children were:

[edit] Gallery

Maria Luisa of Parma in court dress (1789), by Goya, Prado Museum, Madrid.

Maria Luisa of Parma with mantilla (1800), by Goya

The Queen's Coat of arms[2]

Maria Luisa

[edit] Bibliography

  • EPTON, Nina, The Spanish mousetrap: Napoleon and the Court of Spain (London: Macdonald, 1973).
  • GONZÁLEZ-DORIA, Fernando, Las reinas de España (Madrid: Trigo, 2003).
  • HILT, Douglas, The troubled trinity: Godoy and the Spanish monarchs (Tuscaloosa; London: University of Alabama Press, 1987).
  • HUGUES, Robert, Goya (London: Harvill Press, 2003).

[edit] Ancestry

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Louis XIV of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Louis, Dauphin of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Maria Theresa of Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Philip V of Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Maria Anna of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Philip, Duke of Parma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Odoardo Farnese
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Isabella of Modena
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Elisabeth of Parma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Dorothea Sophie of Palatine-Neuburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Maria Luisa of Parma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Louis, Dauphin of France (=8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Louis, Dauphin of France (1682-1712)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Maria Anna of Bavaria (=9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Louis XV of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Anne Marie of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Louise-Élisabeth of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Rafał Leszczyński
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Stanisław Leszczyński
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Anna Jabłonowska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Maria Leszczyńska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Jan Karol Opaliński
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Katarzyna Opalińska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Zofia Czarnkowska
 
 
 
 
 
 

|}

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ E. Harding, A Chronological Abridgement of the History of Spain (Frogmore Lodge, Windsor, 1809), xxxi
  2. ^ Queen Arms description. Encuadernación Real Biblioteca. Royal Library. Royal Palace of Madrid (In Spanish).
Princess Maria Luisa of Parma
Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon
Born: 9 December 1751 Died: 2 January 1819
Spanish royalty
Preceded by
Maria Amalia of Saxony		 Queen Consort of Spain
1788-1808		 Succeeded by
Julie Clary
v • d • e
Consorts of Spanish monarchs
Princess Sophía of Greece and Denmark (1975-)
Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1906–1931) · Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1879–1885) · Princess Mercedes d'Orléans (1878) · Maria Vittoria del Pozzo della Cisterna (1870–1873) · Infante Francis, Duke of Cádiz (1846–1868) · Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1829–1833) · Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1819–1829) · Infanta Maria Isabel of Portuga (1816–1818) · Julie Clary (1808–1813) · Princess Maria Luisa of Parma (1788–1808) · Duchess Maria Amalia of Saxony (1759–1760) · Infanta Barbara of Portugal (1746-1758) · Elisabeth of Parma (1724–1746) · Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (1724) · Elisabeth of Parma (1714–1724) · Princess Maria Luisa of Savoy (1701–1714) · Maria Anna of the Palatinate-Neuburg (1690–1700) · Princess Marie Louise d'Orléans (1679–1689) · Archduchess Mariana of Austria (1649–1665) · Princess Élisabeth of France (1621–1644) · Archduchess Margaret of Austria (1598–1611) · Archduchess Anne of Austria (1570-1580) · Princess Élisabeth of France (1559–1568) · Queen Mary I of England (1556-1558) · Infanta Isabella of Portugal (1526–1539)
v • d • e
The Bourbons of Spain
*also a Prince or Princess of the Two Sicilies
**also an Archduchess of Austria
***both
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_of_Parma"
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