List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

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This is a list of Presidents of Czechoslovakia. In periods when the post of the President of the Czechoslovak Republic was vacant, some presidential duties were carried out by the Prime Minister. However, the Czechoslovak Constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president, often misleadingly mentioned on English Wikipedia pages.

The second section lists the General Secretaries of the totalitarian Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in 1948-1989, then possessing full control over the country and hence de facto representing the executive power.

[edit] List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

Czech National Social Party Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Civic Forum / Non-partisan Non-partisan

#	Flag of the President	Name	Assumed office	Left office	Political Party

First Republic (1918-1938)
1		Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk	14 November 1918	14 December 1935	Non-partisan
2		Edvard Beneš	18 December 1935	5 October 1938	Czechoslovak National Socialist Party

Second Republic (1938-1939)
3		Emil Hácha	30 November 1938	15 March 1939	Non-partisan

Second World War (1939-1945) Emil Hácha remained State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de iure autonomous region incorporated into "Nazi Germany".^[1]^[2]. Edvard Beneš proclaimed himself president within the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile, recognized as the only legitimate Czechoslovak Government during the Second World War. Josef Tiso became president of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak State.

Post-War Czechoslovakia (1945-1948)
4		Edvard Beneš	4 April 1945	7 June 1948	Czechoslovak National Socialist Party

Communist Era 1948-1989 Official names: 1948-1960 Czechoslovak Republic, 1960-1990 Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
5		Klement Gottwald	14 June 1948	14 March 1953	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
6		Antonín Zápotocký	21 March 1953	13 November 1957	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
7	till 1960 from 1960	Antonín Novotný	19 November 1957	22 March 1968	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
8		Ludvík Svoboda	30 March 1968	28 May 1975	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
9		Gustáv Husák	29 May 1975	10 December 1989	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1989-1992)
10		Václav Havel	29 December 1989	20 July 1992	Civic Forum / Non-partisan

[edit] List of General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 1948-1989

#	Name	Took office	Left office

1	Klement Gottwald	April 1945	14 March 1953
2	Antonín Novotný	14 March 1953	5 January 1968
3	Alexander Dubček	5 January 1968	17 April 1969
4	Gustáv Husák	17 April 1969	17 December 1987
5	Milouš Jakeš	17 December 1987	24 November 1989
6	Karel Urbánek	24 November 1989	20 December 1989