Hans Christian Andersen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hans Christian Andersen
Born	April 2, 1805(1805-04-02) Odense, Denmark
Died	August 4, 1875 (aged 70) Copenhagen, Denmark
Occupation	Novelist, short story writer, fairy tales writer
Nationality	Danish
Genres	Children's literature, travelogue
Influences Ludvig Holberg, William Shakespeare

Hans Christian Andersen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩]), also known as simply H. C. Andersen [hɔse ˈɑnɐsn̩]); (April 2, 1805 – August 4, 1875) was a Danish author and poet, most famous for his fairy tales. Among his best-known stories are "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Snow Queen", "The Little Mermaid", "Thumbelina", "The Little Match Girl", "The Ugly Duckling" and "The Red Shoes". During Andersen's lifetime he was feted by royalty and acclaimed for having brought great enjoyment to a whole generation of children throughout Europe. His fairy tales have been translated into more than 150 languages and they continue to be published in millions of copies all over the world. His fairy tales have inspired the creation of numerous films, theater plays, ballets and film animations.^[1]

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Childhood 2 Career 2.1 Early works 2.2 Andersen's Fairy Tales 2.3 Jeg er en Skandinav 2.4 Travelogues 2.5 Meetings with Dickens 3 Sexuality 3.1 Andersen and Harld Scharff 4 Death 5 Legacy 6 Fairy tales 7 Contemporary literary and artistic works inspired by Andersen's stories 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links

[edit] Biography

[edit] Childhood

Hans Christian Andersen was born in the town of Odense, Denmark, on Tuesday, April 2, 1805. Most English (as well as German and French) sources often refer to his name as "Hans Christian Andersen". However, in Denmark and in the other Nordic countries he is usually known as "H. C. Andersen". His first name "Hans Christian" consists of two old, traditional Danish names pronounced as a single name. The combination of two individual names being spoken without a pause between the words is uncommon in the Danish language.

H.C. Andersen's father was of the belief that he was related to nobility. According to scholars at the Hans Christian Andersen Center, his paternal grandmother had told his father, that their family in the past had belonged to a higher social class. However, later investigations proved that these stories were unfounded. Their family apparently did have some connections to the Danish royalty, but they were only related to the subject of employment or trade. Nevertheless, the speculations that Andersen was the illegitimate son of a member of the royal family continues to persist in Denmark today. These speculations have been bolstered by the fact that King Frederick VI took a personal interest in him as a young man. The king had for example paid for a part of Andersen's education.^{[citation needed]} The writer Rolf Dorset insists that not all options have yet been explored in determining Andersen's ancestry.^[2]

He had displayed great intelligence and imagination already as a young boy, qualities which were reinforced by his indulging parents and emphasised by the superstitions of his mother. As a child he built himself a small-scale puppet theatre, as well as clothes for all his puppets. He read dramatic works voraciously, many of which were plays by Ludvig Holberg and William Shakespeare, and throughout his childhood had a passion for literature. He was known to be able to memorize entire plays by Shakespeare and to recite them while using his puppets as actors.^{[citation needed]}

H.C. Andersen's father died in 1816. His father had left his family for the military amid the war with Sweden. Shortly after having left for the war his father became terminally ill, and Andersen was now forced to support himself. He worked for a while as weaver's apprentice as well as for a tailor. At the age of 14, Andersen moved to Copenhagen seeking employment as an actor. He had an excellent soprano voice and was accepted at the Royal Danish Theatre, though his voice soon changed with the onset of puberty. A colleague of his at the theatre had expressed to Andersen, that in his mind, Andersen was a poet. H.C. Andersen took this suggestion very seriously and began to focus on writing.

Besides his parents, Andersen also had a half-sister, Karen Marie, whom he only managed to speak to on a few occasions before she died.^{[citation needed]}

Following a coincidental meeting between Andersen and a Mr. Jonas Collin, Collin found a great affection for the eccentric boy, and arranged for Andersen to attend a grammar school in Slagelse, paying for all his expenses.^[3] Before being admitted to the grammar-school, Andersen had already succeeded in publishing his first story, The Ghost at Palnatoke's Grave in 1822. Although not keen as a student, Andersen studied at two different schools, at Slagelse and also at Elsinore. He studied at these schools until 1827.^[4]. Andersen stated in later life that his school years were the darkest and most bitter times of his life. While studying, he was living at his school master's residence. There, he had been abused in order to "improve Andersen's character" as he was being told. He also felt alienated from his classmates, being older than most of them. He was considered unattractive and also suffered from being dyslexic. His dyslexia may have caused the learning difficulties which he experienced during his studies. Andersen later claimed that the school faculty had forbidden him and discouraged him from writing in general.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Career

[edit] Early works

In 1829, Andersen enjoyed considerable success with a short story titled "A Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Point of Amager". During this same season, he also published a comedy and a collection of poems. He made little writing and publishing progress between 1829 to 1833. However, in 1833 he received a small traveling grant from the King. This grant enabled him to start on the first of his many future European journeys. At Jura near Le Locle,Switzerland,he wrote the story "Agnete and the Merman". In 1833 he visited the Italian seaside village of Sestri Levante where he is credited with the naming of two of the town's bays. (see www.voyagefever.com/sestri-levante-part-1—annual festival celebrates this).In October 1834 he arrived in Rome. Andersen's first novel, The Improvisatore, was published in the beginning of 1835, and it became an instant success. During these traveling years, H.C. Andersen resided in Denmark in an apartment at number 20, Nyhavn, Copenhagen. At this place, a memorial plaque was unveiled on May 8, 1935 as a gift from Peter Schannong ^[5].

[edit] Andersen's Fairy Tales

It was during 1835 that Andersen published the first installment of his immortal Fairy Tales (Danish: Eventyr). More stories, completing the first volume, were published in 1836 and 1837. The quality of these stories was not immediately recognised, and they sold poorly. At the same time, Andersen enjoyed more success with two novels: O.T. (1836) and Only a Fiddler. His Specialty book that is still known today was the Ugly Duckling. (1837).

[edit] Jeg er en Skandinav

After a visit to Sweden in 1837, Andersen became inspired by Scandinavism and committed himself to writing a poem to convey his feeling of relatedness between the Swedes, the Danes and the Norwegians.^[6] It was in July 1839 during a visit to the island of Funen that Andersen first wrote the text of his poem Jeg er en Skandinav (I am a Scandinavian).^[6] Andersen designed the poem to capture "the beauty of the Nordic spirit, the way the three sister nations have gradually grown together" as part of a Scandinavian national anthem.^[6] Composer Otto Lindblad set the poem to music and the composition was published in January 1840. Its popularity peaked in 1845, after which it was seldom sung.^[6].

[edit] Travelogues

In 1851, he published to wide acclaim In Sweden, a volume of travel sketches. A keen traveller, Andersen published several other long travelogues: Shadow Pictures of a Journey to the Harz, Swiss Saxony, etc. etc. in the Summer of 1831 (A Poet's Bazaar (560), In Spain , and A Visit to Portugal in 1866 (The latter describes his visit with his Portuguese friends Jorge and Jose O'Neill, who were his fellows in the mid 1820s while living in Copenhagen.) In his travelogues, Andersen took heed of some of the contemporary conventions about travel writing; but always developed the genre to suit his own purposes. Each of his travelogues combines documentary and descriptive accounts of the sights he saw with more philosophical excurses on topics such as being an author, immortality, and the nature of fiction in the literary travel report. Some of the travelogues, such as In Sweden, even contain fairy-tales.

In the 1840s Andersen's attention returned to the stage, however with no great success at all. His true genius was however proved in the miscellany the Picture-Book without Pictures (1840). The fame of his Fairy Tales had grown steadily; a second series began in 1838 and a third in 1845. Andersen was now celebrated throughout Europe, although his native Denmark still showed some resistance to his pretensions. Between 1845 and 1864, H. C. Andersen lived in 67, Nyhavn, Copenhagen, where a memorial plaque is placed^[5].

[edit] Meetings with Dickens

In June 1847, Andersen paid his first visit to England and enjoyed a triumphal social success during the summer. The Countess of Blessington invited him to her parties where intellectual and famous people could meet, and it was at one party that he met Charles Dickens for the first time. They shook hands and walked to the veranda which was of much joy to Andersen. He wrote in his diary "We had come to the veranda, I was so happy to see and speak to England's now living writer, whom I love the most."^[7]

Ten years later, Andersen visited England, primarily to visit Dickens. He stayed at Dickens' home for five weeks, oblivious to Dickens' increasingly blatant hints for him to leave. Dickens' daughter said of Andersen, "He was a bony bore, and stayed on and on."^[7] Shortly after Andersen left, Dickens published David Copperfield, featuring the obsequious Uriah Heep, who is said to have been modeled on Andersen. Andersen himself greatly enjoyed the visit, and never understood why Dickens stopped answering his letters.

[edit] Sexuality

Modern biographies often portray him as attracted to both women and men, and there is very clear evidence for both.

Andersen often fell in love with unattainable women and many of his stories are interpreted as references to his sexual grief.^[8] The most famous of these was the opera soprano Jenny Lind. One of his stories, "The Nightingale", was a written expression of his passion for Lind, and became the inspiration for her nickname, the "Swedish Nightingale". Andersen was often shy around women and had extreme difficulty in proposing to Lind. When Lind was boarding a train to take her to an opera concert, Andersen gave Lind a letter of proposal. Her feelings towards him were not mutual; she saw him as a brother, writing to him in 1844 "farewell... God bless and protect my brother is the sincere wish of his affectionate sister, Jenny."^[9] A girl named Riborg Voigt was the unrequited love of Andersen's youth. A small pouch containing a long letter from Riborg was found on Andersen's chest when he died. At one point he wrote in his diary: "Almighty God, thee only have I; thou steerest my fate, I must give myself up to thee! Give me a livelihood! Give me a bride! My blood wants love, as my heart does!"^[10] Other disappointments in love included Sophie Orsted, the daughter of the physicist Hans Christian Orsted, and Louise Collin, the youngest daughter of his benefactor Jonas Collin.

Just like his interest in women, Andersen would become attracted to nonreciprocating men. For example, Andersen wrote to Edvard Collin,^[11]: "I languish for you as for a pretty Calabrian wench... my sentiments for you are those of a woman. The femininity of my nature and our friendship must remain a mystery." Collin, who did not prefer men, wrote in his own memoir: "I found myself unable to respond to this love, and this caused the author much suffering." Likewise, the infatuations of the author for the Danish dancer Harald Scharff^[12] and Carl Alexander, the young hereditary duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,^[13] did not result in any relationships. Four of his letters to Carl are edited in an anthology by Rictor Norton.

In Andersen's early life, his private journal records his refusal to have sexual relations.^[14][15]

[edit] Andersen and Harld Scharff

In 1857, following a visit to Charles Dickens in England, Andersen was returning to Copenhagen via Paris when he made the acquaintance of fellow Danes Harald Scharff, a handsome twenty-one-year-old ballet dancer and Scharff's twenty-eight-year-old Copenhagen housemate, the Danish actor Lauritz Eckardt. Andersen and Scharff toured Notre-Dame de Paris together.^[16][17] Scharff was a highly regarded artist in Denmark, having succeeded August Bournonville as principal male dancer at the Royal Ballet. Following his retirement, Bournonville described Scharff as “full of life and imagination...he is undoubtedly the finest lover we have had since I left!"^[18] Scharff and his housemate were members of a circle of young, unmarried men associated with the Royal Theatre—a circle which Jonas Collin, the grandson of Andersen's first benefactor in Copenhagen despised, expressing his loathing and disgust in letters to Andersen in the early 1860s.^[16]

In July 1860, Andersen was in Bavaria where he was pleasantly surprised to meet Scharff and Eckardt again. The three attended the Passion Play at Oberammergau together and then spent a week in Munich. They kept constant company, and it is probable that Andersen fell in love with Scharff at this time. ^[17] According to his diary, Andersen did not "feel at all well" when the two young men left Munich on 9 July 1860 for Salzburg.^{[19][note 1][20]} A liaison with a celebrated and distinguished man such as Andersen must have held some attraction for the young Scharff, and a correspondence between the two began.^{[note 2]} Andersen sent Scharff his photograph.^[21]

Following the departure of Scharff and Eckardt for Salzburg, Andersen traveled to Switzerland but grew despondent and then depressed. In November, he returned to Copenhagen and spent Christmas at Basnæs, the estate of an aristocratic patron and friend on the coast of Zealand. His spirits lifted with the festivities and "The Snowman” was composed on New Year’s Eve 1860–61.^[22] The tale was published with several others by Andersen two months later on 2 March 1861 in Copenhagen by C.A. Reitzel in New Fairy Tales and Stories. Second Series. First Collection. 1861..^[23]

During the winter following his holidays at Basnæs, Andersen determined to fully open his heart to Scharff. He sent the young dancer a photograph of himself in a languid and seductive pose with a salutation using the intimate “Du” form: "Dear Scharf, here you have again Hans Christian Andersen." The two men exchanged birthday gifts in the early months of 1861: Andersen gave Scharff a five-volume collection of his tales, and Scharff gave Andersen a reproduction of Danish sculptor Herman Bissen's Minerva. Copenhagen left Andersen restlessness and ill-tempered, however, and he left for Rome on 4 April 1861.^[24]

When Andersen returned to Copenhagen at the start of the new year 1862, Scharff was waiting for him.^[25] In his diary entry for 2 January 1862, Andersen noted that Scharff "bounded up to me; threw himself round my neck and kissed me!" In other entries for January 1862, he described Scharff as "deeply devoted…very intimate…ardent and loving". In February, the poet observed that Scharff was "intimate and communicative" and in March he noted "a visit from Scharff...exchanged with him all the little secrets of the heart; I long for him daily." Later in March he wrote, "Scharff very loving...I gave him my picture." Scharff gave a silver toothbrush engraved with his name and the date to Andersen on his fifty-seventh birthday. In the winter of 1861–62, the two men entered a full-blown love affair that brought Andersen "joy, some kind of sexual fulfillment and a temporary end to loneliness."^[26] He was not discreet in his conduct with Scharff, and displayed his feelings much too openly. Onlookers regarded the relationship as improper and ridiculous. In his diary for March 1862, Andersen referred to this time in his life as his "erotic period",^[27]

The affair eventually came to an end. Scharff withdrew gradually from the relationship as he focused on his friendship with Eckardt, who had married the actress Josephine Thorberg. In late August 1863, Andersen was a dinner guest at the Eckhardts and sensed Scharff was no longer interested in him as an intimate friend. On 27 August 1863, the poet noted in his diary that Scharff’s passion had cooled and the dancer (whom he at one time described as a "butterfly who flits around sympathetically") wrote in his diary:

"Dinner at the Eckhardts. Scharff's infatuation with me has now passed, "now another object has captured the hero's eye." I'm not dejected about it, as I have been previously at similar disappointments." ^[28][29]

As the intensity of the relationship waned, Andersen felt like an old man. He speculated that he would never have another affair. In September 1863, he wrote "I cannot live in my loneliness, am weary of life." In October, he noted, "Felt old, downhill", and later in October, he visited Scharff who gave him his photograph. He wrote, "Poor young love, I can do nothing there", and on 13 November 1863, "Scharff has not visited me in eight days; with him it is over." In December, he read fairy tales at Eckhardt's house. Scharff and a dancer named Camilla Petersen were present; the two would become engaged though they would never marry. Like the other young men with whom Andersen was involved at various points in his lifetime, Scharff would move from homosexual to heterosexual relationships. The passionate relationship was over between Andersen and Scharff, but they would meet in overlapping social circles without bitterness or recriminations.^{[30][note 3][28][note 4][31]}

[edit] Death

In the spring of 1872, Andersen fell out of bed and was severely hurt. He never quite recovered, but he lived until August 4, 1875, dying of insidious causes in a house called Rolighed (literally: calmness), near Copenhagen, the home of his close friends Moritz Melchior, a banker, and his wife.^[32] Shortly before his death, he had consulted a composer about the music for his funeral, saying: "Most of the people who will walk after me will be children, so make the beat keep time with little steps."^[32] His body was interred in the Assistens Kirkegård in the Nørrebro area of Copenhagen. At the time of his death, he was an internationally renowned and treasured artist. He received a stipend from the Danish Government as a "national treasure". Before his death, steps were already underway to erect the large statue in his honour, which was completed and is prominently placed at the town hall square in Copenhagen.^[1]

[edit] Legacy

In the English-speaking world, stories such as "Thumbelina", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Mermaid", "The Emperor's New Clothes", and "The Princess and the Pea" remain popular and are widely read. "The emperor's new clothes" and "ugly duckling" have both passed into the English language as well-known expressions.

In the Copenhagen harbor there is a statue of The Little Mermaid, placed in honour of Hans Christian Andersen. April 2, Andersen's birthday, is celebrated as International Children's Book Day.

The year 2005 was the bicentenary of Andersen's birth and his life and work was celebrated around the world. In Denmark, particularly, the nation's most famous son has been feted like no other literary figure.^{[citation needed][dubious – discuss]}

In the city of Lublin, Poland is the Puppet & Actor Theatre of Hans Christian Andersen.Theatre Site

A $12.5-million theme park based on Andersen's tales and life opened in Shanghai at the end of 2006. Multi-media games as well as all kinds of cultural contests related to the fairy tales are available to visitors. He was chosen as the star of the park because he is a "nice, hardworking person who was not afraid of poverty", Shanghai Gujin Investment general manager Zhai Shiqiang was quoted by the AFP news agency as saying.^[33]

[edit] Fairy tales

Some of his most famous fairy tales include:

• The Angel (1843) [1]
• The Bell (1845) [2]
• The Emperor's New Clothes (1837) [3]
• The Fir Tree (1844) [4]
• The Happy Family (1847)
• It's Quite True! (1852) [5]
• The Little Match Girl (1848) [6]
• The Little Mermaid (1836) [7]
• Little Tuck (1847) [8]
• The Nightingale (1844) [9]
• The Old House (1847) [10]
• Ole-Lukøie (1841)[11]
• The Princess and the Pea (1835; also known as The Real Princess) [12]
• The Red Shoes (1845) [13]
• The Shadow (1847) [14]
• The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep (1845)
• The Snow Queen (1844) [15]
• The Steadfast Tin Soldier (1838) [16]
• The Story of a Mother (1847) [17]
• The Swineherd (1841) [18]
• Thumbelina (1835) [19]
• The Tinder Box (1835) [20]
• The Ugly Duckling (1844) [21]
• The Wild Swans (1838) [22]

[edit] Contemporary literary and artistic works inspired by Andersen's stories

• "The Naked King" ("Голый Король (Goliy Korol)" 1937), "The Shadow" ("Тень (Ten)" 1940), and "The Snow Queen" ("Снежная Королева (Sniezhenaya Koroleva)" 1948) by Eugene Schwartz: reworked and adapted to the contemporary reality plays by one of Russia's most famous playwrights. Schwartz's versions of "The Shadow" and "The Snow Queen" were later made into movies (1971 and 1966, respectively).
• Sam the Lovesick Snowman at the Center for Puppetry Arts: a contemporary puppet show by Jon Ludwig inspired by The Snow Man.^[34]
• The Ugly Duckling ("Гадкий утенок") (Children's opera) - Opera-Parable By Hans Christian Andersen. For Mezzo-Soprano (Soprano), Three-part Children's Choir And the Piano. 1 Act: 2 Epigraphs, 38 Theatrical Pictures. Length: Approximately 28 minutes. The opera version (Free transcription) Written by Lev Konov (Лев Конов) (1996). On music of Sergei Prokofiev: The Ugly Duckling, op. 18 (1914) And Visions Fugitives, op. 22 (1915-1917). (Vocal score language: Russian, English, German, French). The first representation in Moscow in 1997.
• The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf by Kathryn Davis: a contemporary novel about fairy tales and opera
• The Snow Queen by Joan Vinge: an award-winning novel that reworks the Snow Queen's themes into epic science fiction
• The Nightingale by Kara Dalkey: a lyrical adult fantasy novel set in the courts of old Japan
• The Wild Swans by Peg Kerr: a novel that brings Andersen's fairy tale to colonial and modern America
• Daughter of the Forest by Juliet Marillier: a romantic fantasy novel, set in early Ireland, thematically linked to "The Wild Swans"
• Birdwing by Rafe Martin, a young adult novel that continues the tale of "The Wild Swans" with the story of Ardwin, the brother whose arm remained a wing
• The Snow Queen by Eileen Kernaghan: a gentle Young Adult fantasy novel that brings out the tale's subtle pagan and shamanic elements
• "The Snow Queen", a short story by Patricia A. McKillip (published in Snow White, Blood Red)
• "You, Little Match Girl", a short story by Joyce Carol Oates (published in Black Heart, Ivory Bones)
• "Sparks", a short story by Gregory Frost (based on The Tinder Box, published in Black Swan, White Raven)
• "Steadfast", a short story by Nancy Kress (based on The Steadfast Tin Soldier, published in Black Swan, White Raven)
• "The Sea Hag", a short story by Melissa Lee Shaw (based on The Little Mermaid, published in Silver Birch, Blood Moon)
• "The Real Princess", a short story by Susan Palwick (based on The Princess and the Pea, published in Ruby Slippers, Golden Tears)
• "Match Girl", a short story by Anne Bishop (published in Ruby Slippers, Golden Tears)
• "The Pangs of Love", a short story by Jane Gardam (based on The Little Mermaid, published in Close Company: Stories of Mothers and Daughters)
• "The Chrysanthemum Robe", a short story by Kara Dalkey (based on The Emperor's New Clothes, published in The Armless Maiden)
• "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", a short story by Joan Vinge (published in Women of Wonder)
• "In the Witch's Garden", a short story by Naomi Kritzer (based on The Snow Queen, published in Realms of Fantasy magazine, October 2002 issue)
• "I Hear the Mermaids Singing", a short story by Nancy Holder (based on The Little Mermaid)
• "The Last Poems About the Snow Queen", a poem cycle by Sandra Gilbert (published in Blood Pressure)
• The Little Mermaid (2005) for children's chorus, narrator, orchestra by Richard Mills
• "La petite marchande d'allumettes", film by Jean Renoir (1928)^[35]
• "The Andersen Project" by Robert Lepage: Freely inspired from two stories by Andersen (The Dryad and The Shadow).
• "The Little Mermaid (1989 movie) (Walt Disney Pictures)Based on the original story.
• The Little Match Girl (2006 short) With the DVD Release of The Little Mermaid (Walt Disney Pictures)Based on the original story.
• The Little Mermaid for actress, two pianos and chamber ensemble/orchestra.^[36]
• The Little Match Girl Passion - a choral work composed in 2007 by David Lang. It won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize in Music.
• The Ghost, an episode in the third series of the British TV show Hustle is based around the theft of an Andersen manuscript from an old English manor house.
• A Designer's Paradise, an episode in the fourth series of the British TV show Hustle bases a confidence trick around the story of The Emperor's New Clothes
• Broken Angels (Merciless in the U.S.), a novel by Richard Montanari focuses on a serial killer who murders people in accordance with Hans Christian Andersen stories. Stories included are The Nightingale, Thumbelina, The Red Shoes, The Little Match Girl, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Tinderbox, What The Moon Saw, Anne Lisbeth, Little Claus and Big Claus, The Snow Man, and Little Ida's Flowers.
• "Striking Twelve", a Staged Concert/Musical by the New York band, Groove Lily, about a grumpy guy reading "The Little Match Girl" on New Year's Eve.

[edit] See also

• Vilhelm Pedersen, the first illustrator of Andersen's fairy tales
• Chopin and The Nightingale is a dramatic reading with music in six acts, written by Cecilia and Jens Jorgensen of Icons of Europe for narrator, two sopranos and piano. It enacts the true-life romance of Chopin and Jenny Lind, which happens to resemble The Nightingale story of Hans Christian Andersen. When Chopin dies of tuberculosis in the arms of Jenny Lind, she decides to devote the rest of her life to paying tribute to his music. "Good Morning!", says the emperor / composer the next day. Performed - to celebrate the new Europe and World Tuberculosis Day - at Brussels (2003), Warsaw (2004), Toronto (2005) and New York State (2008).
• "Did the emperor suffer from tuberculosis?", essay of March 17, 2005 researched and written by Cecilia Jorgensen for World Tuberculosis Day.
• Danny Kaye, who played him in the 1952 musical film.
• British artist Stella Vine was likened to Hans Christian Andersen in that she is "a fabulist who is both a grown-up artist and, emotionally, a child so damaged that she cannot grow up" by Jackie Wullschlager in the Financial Times in 2007.^[37]
• In 1985, UK synthpop duo Erasure released their second single "Heavenly Action" in a sleeve centered around, and including an excerpt from, The Steadfast Tin Soldier. In 2005, the music video of their song "Breathe" was a modern adaptation of The Little Match Girl.

[edit] Bibliography

• Jackie Wullschläger, Hans Christian Andersen. The Life of a Storyteller, Penguin, 2000, ISBN 0-14-028320-X
• Stig Dalager, Journey in Blue, historical, biographical novel about H.C.Andersen, Peter Owen, London 2006, McArthur & Co., Toronto 2006.
• Norton, Rictor (ed.) My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries. Leyland Publications, San Francisco. 1998 ISBN 0-943595-71-1
• Ruth Manning-Sanders, Swan of Denmark: The Story of Hans Christian Andersen, Heinemann, 1949

[edit] Notes

Jens Andersen; Andersen, En Biografi; Gyldendal, Copenhagen, 2 volumes, 2003

[edit] References

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Hans Christian Andersen

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hans Christian Andersen

• The Hans Christian Andersen Theatre In the city of Lublin, Poland is the Puppet & Actor Theatre of Hans Christian Andersen
• The Hans Christian Andersen Center - contains many Andersen's stories in Danish and English
• The Hans Christian Andersen Museum in Odense has a large digital collection of Hans Christian Andersen papercuts, drawings and portraits - Also you can follow his travels across Europe and explore his Nyhavn study.
• Andersen's Fairy Tales public domain audio book at LibriVox
• Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales
• The Orders and Medals Society of Denmark has descriptions of Hans Christian Andersen's Medals and Decorations.
• And the cobbler's son became a princely author Details of Andersen's life and the celebrations.
• Works by Hans Christian Andersen at Internet Archive. Scanned, color illustrated first editions.
• Hans Christian Andersen Information (mainly in Danish) contains information about his life, childhood home, Hans Christian Andersen House and museum, fairy tales and stories, literary activities, drawings, papercuts and picture pages.
• Funabashi H. C. Andersen Park (in Japanese) Main Article : H. C. Andersen Park (アンデルセン公園)
• Hans Christian Andersen paintings by artist Erik Bagge Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales seen with the eyes and pencil of the Danish artist Erik Bagge.
• Hans Christian Andersen paintings by artist Vladyslav Yerko Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale with visions by the Ukrainian artist Vladyslav Yerko.
• The Tales of Hans Christian Andersen: A metasite about the fairy tales and other literary works (Includes translations into many different languages)
• Various stories by Hans Christian Andersen (full text)
• Short Stories by Hans Christian Anderson
• Information about the musical "Striking Twelve" based on the "Little Match Girl".
• Collection of Andersen Fairy Tales

Persondata
NAME	Andersen, Hans Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Danish novelist, short story writer, fairy tales writer, and poet
DATE OF BIRTH	April 2, 1805(1805-04-02)
PLACE OF BIRTH	Odense, Denmark
DATE OF DEATH	August 4, 1875
PLACE OF DEATH	Copenhagen, Denmark