Discothèque

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A discothèque, IPA: [diskoˈtɛk̚], is an entertainment venue or club with recorded music played by "Discaires" (Disc jockeys) through a PA system, rather than an on-stage band.

Prior to the discothèque, most bars and nightclubs used live bands as entertainment.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 1960s and early 1970s 2.2 1970s and early 1980s 2.3 2000s 2.4 Some historic discothèques 3 Disco 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Etymology

The word derives from the French word discothèque (a type of nightclub). Discothèque is a portmanteau coined around 1941 from disc and bibliothèque (library) by La Discothèque, then located on the Rue de la Huchette in Paris, France.^[1]

[edit] History

[edit] 1960s and early 1970s

By the late 1960s, American versions of the discothèque started to catch on, and with these clubs, the demand for new dance steps such as the Frug, the Merengue, and the Mule skyrocketed.

Record labels feverishly rushed out whole albums of music to monkey or limbo by, or else mimicked the discotheque effect by assembling compilations of everything from the foxtrot to the boogaloo. Dance instructors got in on the act, releasing LPs such "Killer Joe's International Discotheque."^[2]

In the 1966 Batman TV series, episode 16, "He Meets His Match, The Grisly Ghoul", the school playing against Robin's school in the basketball game is named "Disko Tech".

[edit] 1970s and early 1980s

By the late 1970s many major US cities had thriving disco club scenes which were centered around discotheques, nightclubs, and private loft parties where DJs would play disco hits through powerful PA systems for the dancers. The DJs played "... a smooth mix of long single records to keep people “dancing all night long” "^[3] Some of the prestigious clubs had elaborate light organs, which converted audio signals into colored lights that throbbed to the beat of the music or even glass dance floors with colored lights.

Some cities had disco dance instructors or dance schools which taught people how to do popular disco dances such as "touch dancing", the "hustle" and the "cha cha." There were also disco fashions that discotheque-goers wore for nights out at their local disco, such as sheer, flowing Halston dresses for women and shiny polyester Qiana shirts for men with pointy collars, preferably open at the chest, often worn with double-knit suit jackets.

In addition to the dance and fashion aspects of the disco club scene, there was also a thriving drug subculture, particularly for drugs that would enhance the experience of dancing to the loud music and the flashing lights, such as cocaine ^[4](nicknamed "blow"), amyl nitrite "poppers" ^[5], and the "...other quintessential 1970s club drug Quaalude, which suspended motor coordination and turned one’s arms and legs to Jell-O."^[6] The massive quantities of drugs ingested in discotheques by newly liberated gay men produced the next cultural phenomenon of the disco era: rampant promiscuity and public sex. While the dance floor was the central arena of seduction, actual sex usually took place in the nether regions of the disco: bathroom stalls, exit stairwells, and so on. In other cases the disco became a kind of “main course” in a hedonist’s menu for a night out."^[7]

Famous 1970s discotheques included "...cocaine-filled celeb hangouts such as Manhattan's Studio 54 ", which was operated by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager. Studio 54 was notorious for the hedonism that went on within; the balconies were known for sexual encounters, and drug use was rampant. Its dance floor was decorated with an image of the "Man in the Moon" that included an animated cocaine spoon. Other famous discotheques included the Loft, the Paradise Garage, and Aux Puces, one of the first gay disco bars.

[edit] 2000s

Today the term discothèque is now considered dated in the United States^[8], having largely been replaced with nightclub since the mid-1980s, though the term is still used frequently in many other parts of the world. The word "disco" was originally an abbreviation of discothèque, a French word for a club where recorded, rather than live, music was played.

In Britain, a 'disco' is usually now a one-off night of dancing and music organised by a non-professional (or semi-professional) DJ at an institution such as a school or workplace.

[edit] Some historic discothèques

• Ad Lib, in London, opened 1963 by Nicholas Luard and Lord Timothy Willoughby
• La Discothèque, in London, opened 1960
• Chez Regine, in Paris' Latin Quarter, opened 1957 by Régine
• La Discothèque, in Paris (on rue Hachette), opened 1941
• Whiskey à Go-Go, in Paris, opened 1947 by Paul Pacine
• Arthur, in New York City, opened 1965 by Sybil Burton at site of the defunct El Morocco
• Aux Puces, in New York City, one of the first gay discos
• Cheetah, in New York City, at Broadway and 53rd Street
• Down the Street, in Asbury Park, New Jersey, open until 1999
• Electric Circus, opened 1967 on St. Mark’s Place
• Il Mio (an Italian "discoteca"), in New York City,located at a side entrance to the Regency hotel on Park Avenue.
• L’Interdit, in New York City
• La Dom, downstairs from Electric Circus; run by Andy Warhol
• Le Club, in New York City, opened 1960 by Olivier Coquelin, a French expatriate. One needed to be or accompanied by a member to gain entrance.
• Ministry of Sound, located in the Elephant & Castle section of London, opened 1991
• Ones Discotheque, New York City 1972-1982. Owned and operated by Herb and Mark Zimmerman, Ones was noted for its unique sound system and it's resistance to organized crime.
• Pacha, Sitges, opened in 1967. First of many from this chain, there are now Pachas all over the world, from Lagos to Buenos Aires.
• Paradise Garage, in New York City, opened in 1976, closed in 1987
• Peppermint Lounge, in New York City, opened 1961
• Roxy NYC, in New York City, opened in 1979, closed in 2007
• Shepheard's, in New York City
• Studio 54, in New York City, operated from 1977 to 1986, and was operated by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager; depicted in the 1998 film 54
• Zhivagos in Dublin from the early 1970s to the mid 1980s
• The Gallery, in New York City's SoHo neighborhood, opened in 1972 by Nicky Siano]
• The Loft, in New York City, opened 1970 by David Mancuso
• The Saint, in New York City, opened in 1980, closed in 1990
• The Sanctuary, in New York City, a famous early-1970s gay disco; part of the movie Klute was filmed there
• The Warehouse, in Chicago, opened in 1977, closed in 1987
• Whisky a Go Go, in Chicago, corner of Rush and Chestnut, opened 1958
• Whisky a Go Go, in West Hollywood, California, opened 1964

[edit] Disco

The term disco, which is a shortened form of discothèque, refers to a specific style of pop music that was derived in U.S.A. from funk and soul, and to the dance styles popular in 1970s disco clubs (e.g., "The Hustle"). In Europe the same term used for the European Disco productions, that had 50s and 60s Europop influences. Later, those European productions (mostly Italian and German) were named "Euro Disco" and "Disco" was only used for the U.S.A. productions.

[edit] See also

• Hot Dance Music/Club Play, a Billboard chart starting in 1974 (originally called "Disco Action")
• List of number-one dance hits (United States) (begins with 1974)
• 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing
• Go-Go dancer
• Cover charge, the flat fee paid for admission to many clubs
• Nightclub
• Dance Party

[edit] References

• American Heritage: Disco (history)
• History of the Discotheque
• Village Voice article "King of Clubs", on The Loft

[edit] External links

• 365Mag - 365 Mag and e-zine about electronic music
• eq-mag.co.uk - An online dance music magazine
• Dance-hits.com - All times dance music charts (begins with 1974)
• Tip of the Pops - solar powered wheelbarrow disco